Confocal laser scanning microscopes utilize a short-wavelength continuous wave laser to generate high-intensity excitation light for sample illumination. This laser passes through a series of mirrors, including a dichroic mirror, which directs it onto a dyed sample. Upon laser excitation, the dye fluoresces, emitting long-wavelength light. This emitted light is then directed back through the same mirrors used for laser scanning. Passing through the dichroic mirror, it focuses onto a pinhole before being collected and measured by the detector. Connected to a computer, the detector compiles a precise digital 3D image point by point.

Dr. Amanda Sevcik

Brittany Carnathan

Lujan H, Mulenos MR, Carrasco D, Zechmann B, Hussain SM, Sayes CM. Engineered aluminum nanoparticle induces mitochondrial deformation and is predicated on cell phenotype. Nanotoxicology. 2021 Oct 21;15(9):1215-32.

Gibb M, Sayes CM. An in vitro alveolar model allows for the rapid assessment of particles for respiratory sensitization potential. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023 Jun 14;24(12):10104.

Pradhan SH, Gibb M, Kramer AT, Sayes CM. Peripheral (lung-to-brain) exposure to diesel particulate matter induces oxidative stress and increased markers for systemic inflammation. Environmental Research. 2023 Aug 15;231:116267.